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Tunisian President Kais Saied confirmed today that a draft constitution to be put to a referendum on July 25 will not enshrine Islam as the “religion of the state”.
The move is part of his efforts to reform the political system in Tunisia which has been accused of being corrupt and chaotic, but it is also seen as a manoeuvre to sideline rival Islamist parties.
“The next constitution of Tunisia won’t mention a state with Islam as its religion, but of belonging to an umma (community) which has Islam as its religion,” he told journalists at Tunis airport.
“The umma and the state are two different things.”
The delivery of the draft text yesterday, marked a key step in Saied’s drive to overhaul the Tunisian state after he sacked the government and seized far-reaching powers to rule by decree last July in moves opponents called a coup.
Sadeq Belaid, the legal expert who headed the drafting committee, had told AFP in an interview this month that he would remove all reference to Islam from the new document in a challenge to Islamist parties.
His comments, partly referring to Saied’s nemesis Ennahdha, an Islamist-inspired party which has dominated Tunisian politics since 2011, sparked a heated national debate.
The first article of Tunisia’s 2014 constitution – and its 1959 predecessor – defined the North African country as “a free, independent and sovereign state. Islam is its religion and Arabic is its language”.
The 2014 document was the product of a hard-won compromise between Ennahdha and its secular rivals three years after the revolt that overthrew dictator Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.
The new text, produced through a “national dialogue” excluding opposition forces and boycotted by the powerful UGTT trades union confederation, is meant to be approved by Saied by the end of June before being put to voters on July 25.
That is a year after the former constitutional law professor sacked the government, later consolidating his power grab by dissolving parliament and seizing control of the judiciary.
Thousands of Tunisians protested against the referendum in the capital over the weekend.
His moves have been welcomed by some Tunisians tired of the corrupt and often chaotic post-revolutionary system, but others have warned he is returning the country to autocracy.
Saied has long called for a presidential system that avoids the frequent deadlock seen under the mixed parliamentary-presidential system.
Asked about that issue today, he said, “Whether the system is presidential or parliamentary is not the question.
“What counts is that the people have sovereignty. There’s the legislative function, the executive function and the judicial function, and separation between them.”
The powerful UGTT union also refused to participate in talks for the new constitution, saying the outcome had already been decided. Only some experts and small parties took part in talks.
Sources told Reuters the draft includes some chapters of the 2014 constitution, especially on freedoms, while the main focus will be on economic aspects.
They added that the draft proposes a system with a powerful president who appoints the prime minister.
Under the 2014 constitution, which enjoyed broad support, parliament had a big role and could withdraw confidence from the government. The winning party in parliamentary elections named a prime minister who formed the government.
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